Abstract:

Machine-harvested ratoon rice is a kind of high efficiency rice cultivation mode. In order to explore the high yield and high efficiency fertilization of machine-harvested ratoon rice in south China, a fertilizer trial was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer operations on yield and its composition of ratoon rice, using Huanghuazhan（HHZ）and Shenyou 9516 （SY9516）as materials. The results showed that, there were significant differences in grain yield between different treatments. The yield of HHZ and SY9516 was 3.68~5.43 t/hm2 and 2.38~3.97 t/hm2, respectively. T8 treatment（bud fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer）has the highest yield, the second is T4 treatment（tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer）, T5 treatment （bud fertilizer）was the lowest, there was no significant difference between T8 treatment and T4 treatment. The yield of ratoon rice was positively correlated with the number of effective panicles per hectare, sink size and total biomass, these three parameters were significantly improved by applying tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, but the effect of bud fertilizer was little. The production cost of machine-harvested low stubble ratoon rice could save 8 916~10 268 yuan /hm2 and increase the income by 1 583 ~ 5 046 yuan/hm2, compared with normal late rice production. When panicle fertilizer was applied in the first season, the machine-harvested ratoon rice in South China does not need to apply bud fertilizer, just apply fertilizer and panicle fertilizer after the harvest of the first season rice.

Key words: machine-harvested, ratoon rice, low stubble, nitrogen fertilizer, grain yield, economic benefits

摘要：

机收再生稻是一种省工节本的水稻高效栽培模式。为探索华南地区低桩机收再生稻高产高效施肥方式，以黄华占和深优9516为材料，设置再生稻促芽肥、促苗肥、穗肥3个施肥因素，每个因素设不施氮和施氮60 kg/hm2 2个水平，研究了不同氮肥运筹对再生稻产量及其构成、稻米品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明，不同处理间再生稻产量差异显著。黄华占和深优9516再生稻产量分别为3.68~5.43 t/hm2和2.38~3.97 t/hm2，均以T8处理（促芽肥、促苗肥、穗肥都施用）的产量最高，其次是T4处理（只施用促苗肥和穗肥），而以T5处理（单施促芽肥）最低，T8处理与T4处理产量差异不显著；再生稻产量与单位面积有效穗数、库容量和总生物量呈显著正相关，促苗肥和穗肥均能显著提高这3个产量相关参数，而促芽肥的作用较小；与常规晚稻生产相比，再生稻生产可节本8 916~10 268元/hm2、增收1 583~5 046元/hm2。在头季稻施用穗粒肥的情况下，华南地区低桩机收再生稻不必施促芽肥，而只要在头季稻收后施用促苗肥和穗肥即可。

关键词: 机收, 再生稻, 低桩, 氮肥, 产量, 经济效益